What Are The Effects Of Cannabis?

Cannabis affects everyone differently. Different strains and methods of consumption give users different effects. And new users generally feel different effects than more experienced users.

Effects can vary — some people don’t feel anything at all the first time they try cannabis. For the most part, the experience tends to be kind of relaxing and a little euphoric. Some people can become more outgoing and social. However, others find cannabis makes them tired, anxious or even paranoid.

It is very important to proceed with consuming medical cannabis cautiously and with respect for its efficacy – start slow with a low dosage and see how it affects you. Keep track of your dosing, type of product and the feelings that it provided – this will help you better understand how cannabis can best work for you.

Short-term effects

The short-term effects of cannabis begin only minutes after the flowers of the plant (called “bud”) are smoked or vaporized (“vaped”). If eaten, the effects are perceived about an hour after ingestion. The effect of smoked or vaped cannabis remains for one to four hours (depending on the potency of the particular cannabis), while those who consume edibles experience efficacy for longer periods of time.

Effects may include coughing, euphoria, dry mouth, red eyes, increased appetite (the “munchies”), blurred vision, delayed motor reactions, sedation, and even anxiety. As mentioned, psychoactive effects decrease with continued use (tolerance building). However, in the vast majority of cases, side effects are minimal and can be controlled with dose management (titration).

Although rare, some patients who consume too much cannabis, especially in edible form, sometimes experience temporary anxiety attacks, convulsions, and other negative psychological reactions.

Long-term effects

Due to its psychoactive properties, there are concerns with the effects of long-term use of cannabis. Although raw flower cannabis is a strictly-prohibited substance at the federal level, with little research and no human trials, the FDA has approved synthetic versions of THC, the primary cannabinoid that delivers both euphoria and medical efficacy. Unlike raw cannabis, which is classified as a Schedule I substance (the most strict drug classification), these derivations of the plant are categorized as Schedule III substances because they are deemed less likely to produce addiction in users.

In 1999, the Institute of Medicine determined that there should be two categories of concerns about long-term use of cannabis: 1) the effects of consuming whole-plant cannabis; and 2) the results of consumption of THC only.

Side effects of cannabis

Cannabis has been determined to be one of the safest substances consumed by humans. Thousands of years of anecdotal reports and mounting research evidence has shown that it is impossible to overdose on the substance. Those unfamiliar with its use, however, should understand possible side effects before using the plant (or one of its extracts or concentrates) to treat medical conditions or obtain a euphoric “high.”

Uneasiness: Although cannabis consumers typically gain a feeling of comfort and ease—with millions using it to treat anxiety—some experience heightened feelings of anxiety, especially with sativa strains. Strategies for dealing with this include consumption in a safe, familiar environment and eating food. Those who suffer such reactions should purposefully reduce the amount consumed during subsequent sessions. Social stigma and illegality also contribute to the stress experienced by some who consume cannabis.

Hunger and Thirst: Cannabis is infamous for stimulating appetite and giving users “the munchies.” Users are encouraged to eat and drink healthy foods instead of sugary junk food. Indica strains are responsible for an increase in appetite, whereas sativa varieties can actually reduce appetite and possibly be an effective treatment for conditions involving obesity or overeating.

Red Eye: Cannabis users often experienced a redness of the eyes that is a standard symptom of consumption of the herb. Those concerned that they might be detected should employ eye drops or wear sunglasses.

Drowsiness: Just as indica strains of cannabis increase appetite, they often also produce drowsiness (often labeled “couchlock”). Sativa strains produce the opposite effect and result in an energetic, productive high. For this reason, sativa strains are recommended in the morning or midday, while indica types are best for evening and night use.

Sleeplessness: Some hybrid and sativa strains of marijuana can produce sleeplessness. If possible, users should understand the type being consumed and the best time of day for use. In a perfect world, patients would possess both indica and sativa strains, giving them the ability to medicate with the variety that is best for their particular situation and time of day.

Short-term Memory Loss: Depending on the type and strength of cannabis being consumed, some users may experience short-term memory loss, confusion, or an inability to perform complex tasks requiring focus. For this reason, patients should be familiar with the strength and effects of a particular strain and strive to consume only when appropriate.

Euphoria: Nearly all cannabis users report relatively strong feelings of euphoria and being “high” after consumption. Often, situations that normally would elicit no reaction are perceived as humorous or even hilarious. If this type of response might be inappropriate, such as during work hours or when associating with those who might disapprove of the consumption of marijuana, users should avoid consumption until it is safe and acceptable to do so.

Potential hazards of smoking cannabis

Smoke of any type, from any substance, contains several of the same unhealthy chemicals also delivered by tobacco smoke. Some believe that cannabis smoke, like that of tobacco, may increase users’ risk of lung cancer and respiratory diseases. Fortunately for patients consuming cannabis, research has revealed that smoked marijuana produces almost none of the same risks as smoked tobacco.

Studies have revealed that heavy, long-term use may produce bronchitis in users, including a chronic cough (similar to heavy tobacco smokers). Chronic consumers of large quantities of cannabis should consider alternative means of consumption, including edibles and vaporizing.

Some have assumed that smoking cannabis for an extended period of time could increase the risk for lung cancer, in much the same way it does for tobacco. More research is clearly required, as studies to date have not confirmed this negative connection. Consumption of cannabis, smoked or otherwise, has actually been shown to prevent or reduce cancer. Thus, even though cannabis smoke contains some of the same cancer-causing compounds found in tobacco smoke, the efficacy of cannabinoids in marijuana can possibly negate these effects, preventing tumors from forming.

A five-year investigative study was released in 2006 which revealed that even heavy smoking of cannabis does not lead to lung cancer or other types of the disease. The study reported that cannabis may offer compounds (cannabinoids) that control aging cells, preventing them from becoming cancerous.

Other studies have also found that cannabis smokers do not experience an increase in Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, an ailment that is common in heavy tobacco smokers.

Cognitive effects

Regular or heavy use of cannabis can affect cognition (mental function), especially short-term memory, attention span, and concentration. A 2003 analysis of 15 studies of the effects of cannabis reported:

“There might be decrements in the ability to learn and remember new information in chronic users,” but that “other cognitive abilities are unaffected.”

Psychomotor effects

When used heavily, cannabis sometimes produces psychomotor impairment characterized by body sway, lack of steadiness in the hands, loss of driving skills and coordination, and a decrease in the ability to focus. These effects tend to be temporary (two to four hours) and do not persist during lack of consumption. These potentially negative effects are actually stronger in those who consume less or are new to the use of cannabis. Prolonged use also seems to enable users to develop compensatory skills as they acclimate to the effects of the herb.

Immune system effects

Although research on this topic has shown mixed results, cannabis—and the cannabinoids within—have been shown to have a beneficial effect on the body’s immune system. Specialized receptors within the human body (part of something called the endocannabinoid system) have been identified that work in perfect harmony with cannabinoids. All mammals (not just humans) have an endocannabinoid system. This is why cannabis research on animal subjects has yielded relevant research results. Most of these cannabinoid receptors are located in the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body) and immune system, including various organs and tissues.

Some cannabis-centric pharmaceutical companies have developed synthetic cannabinoids and specialized extracts of the whole plant that target these receptors to produce immunosuppressive qualities which may be beneficial to patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, arthritis, HIV/AIDS, and related autoimmune diseases.

In 2012, a study was published that showed cannabinoids actually strengthen the function of the immune system. The study concluded that activation of the specialized receptors of the endocannabinoid system actually has an antiviral effect and showed a reduction in HIV infection rates of 50 percent. Researchers surmised that cannabinoids likely prevent diseased cells from spreading their disease to healthy cells. Other studies involving animals have revealed that cannabinoids reduce viral load, thus helping users more readily heal and fight their disease—or, at a minimum, that they reduce negative symptoms of the disease.

Can I consume too much cannabis?

Just like any product that has a physiological effect on the human body, you can over-indulge. Similar in the way you can have too much caffeine or you can have too much alcohol, you can have too much cannabis.

Consuming too much cannabis will likely lead to a few unpleasant hours. However, unlike other commonly prescribed medicine for treating pain and other conditions approved for this program, it is highly unlikely that an otherwise healthy individual would experience a lethal reaction from over-consuming cannabis. This is mainly because the cannabinoid receptors, unlike opioid receptors, are not located in the brain stem areas that control respiration and cardiovascular function. In the nearly 5,000 years that cannabis has been used by tens of millions of people for both medicinal and recreational purposes, there has not been one credible documented case of someone fatally overdosing on cannabis.

There is a test known as the LD-50 used to determine the toxicity of a product. This rating indicates at what dosage 50 percent of test animals receiving a drug will die as a result of drug-induced toxicity. The LD-50 rating for aspirin is 1:20. In layman’s terms this means that if the recommended dosage of aspirin is two pills, in order to induce death, a person would need to consume 40 pills (20 times the recommended dosage). For Valium it’s 1:10, and for some cancer medications it can be as low as 1:1.5.

It was estimated that the LD-50 for cannabis would be between 1:20,000 and 1:40,000; a person would need to ingest 20,000 to 40,000 times the single serving size to induce a lethal reaction. For this study, a single serving of cannabis was measured at 9 grams of cannabis (the amount in one cannabis cigarette or joint) – a person would need to ingest 20,000 to 40,000 joints, or roughly 1,500 pounds of cannabis in 15 minutes to induce a lethal reaction. Simply put, it would take an unrealistic amount of cannabis consumption for an otherwise healthy person to experience a cannabis-induced lethal event.

But we should say it one more time, start slow and dose low, and give it time and see how it affects you before deciding whether or not to ingest more.

Interesting Fact:

According to toxicology, a person would have to consume nearly 1,500 pounds of marijuana in 15 minutes to induce a cannabis-driven lethal response.

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What Are Cannabinoids and Why Do They Matter?

One of the most valuable words in the medical cannabis glossary that all patients need to understand is cannabinoid. Cannabinoids, like THC, CBD and CBG, are organic chemical compounds that, with terpenes, make up the building blocks of the cannabis plant. Translating into medicinally valuable relief, cannabinoids have been successfully used in the treatment of conditions such as cancer, seizures, and Parkinson’s disease, and symptoms such as inflammation, pain and nausea.

Cannabis cannabinoids provide such medical efficacy to humans because they mimic our own naturally produced endocannabinoids, and bind to the same receptors, located throughout the brain and body. The human endocannabinoid system is responsible for regulating many different body systems, including pain, memory, mood and appetite. The unique ability of cannabinoids to communicate with the human body in the same manner that it communicates with itself makes cannabis an ideal medicine for humans.

Interesting Fact: Researchers discovered the human body’s endocannabinoid system in 1988.

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Learn About the History of Cannabis

The beginnings

Cannabis has been used for medical purposes for nearly 5,000 years. As early as 2737 B. C, the Emperor Shen Neng of China was prescribing marijuana tea for the treatment of gout, rheumatism and malaria. The plant’s popularity as a medicine spread throughout Asia, the Middle East and down to the eastern coast of Africa. By the late 18th century, American medical journals recommended hemp seeds and roots for the treatment of a variety of conditions.

William O’Shaughnessy first popularized the medical use of cannabis in England and America – he found cannabis eased the pain of rheumatism and was useful for discomfort and nausea. Cannabis, or marijuana, was included in the American pharmacopoeia until 1942. Cannabis is currently available by prescription in the Netherlands, Canada, Spain, Chile and Israel.

A change in opinion

In 1937, the federal government passed the Marihuana Tax Act. Although the act did not outlaw cannabis outright, the effect was the same. It was done in spite of objections from the American Medical Association (AMA). The AMA legislative counsel, Dr. William Woodward, testified in front of Congress that “The American Medical Association knows of no evidence that marijuana is a dangerous drug.” During his testimony before Congress, Woodward warned that prohibition “loses sight of the fact that future investigation may show that there are substantial medical uses for Cannabis.”

In later decades, the U.S. government has somewhat ebbed and flowed with their position on cannabis as medicine. In 1976, the Investigational New Drug (IND) research program was created by the federal government. It allowed participating patients to receive up to nine pounds of cannabis directly from the government (grown on a farm at the University of Mississippi). Because the program ceased enlisting new patients, only five of the original participants are surviving and still receiving medical cannabis today.

The Drug Enforcement Agency’s (DEA) own Administrative Law Judge, Francis Young, ruled in 1998 that “Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known… It would be unreasonable, arbitrary, and capricious for the DEA to continue to stand between those sufferers and the benefits of this substance…” Despite Young’s strongly worded opinion and official position, the DEA refused to implement his ruling based on a procedural technicality. The agency has refused to consider the rescheduling of cannabis to this day.

A transition

Unfortunately, the IND program was shut down by the Public Health Service in 1991 after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received a large number of new applications from patients with HIV/AIDS in 1989. The IND program was deemed to undermine federal law. Despite the success of the program—and centuries of evidence regarding safe use of cannabis to treat a wide variety of ailments—cannabis continues to be classified as a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, “indicating a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical value.”

In 1996 the tide began to turn in favor of patients desiring to medicate with cannabis. Gaining no relief or cooperation at the federal level, advocates turned to the states for help. Voter initiatives in California and Arizona approved laws that allowed for legal use of marijuana if accompanied by a doctor’s recommendation. Shortly thereafter, similar medical marijuana laws were passed in Alaska, Colorado, Maine, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Washington, D.C. Since that time, the legislatures of states including Hawaii, New Mexico, Maryland, Vermont, and Rhode Island have also passed laws to help sick patients legally medicate with cannabis. A total of 23 states and Washington D.C. have adopted medical cannabis laws and 16 additional states have passed laws allowing for the use of low-THC/high-CBD oils, and several of the remaining states currently have legislation of some type pending.

In 1997, the White House and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) commissioned the Office of National Drug Control Policy to study the efficacy of cannabis as medicine. It concluded that cannabis is both safe and effective as a medicine and, therefore, patients should have safe access and the government should be conducting research and even developing new drugs derived from cannabis.

Despite a lack of cannabis research at the federal level due to its continued Schedule I status, dozens of studies have been published worldwide (typically in countries outside the U.S.) that support the conclusions of the IOM study and call for further research. Despite the need for more studies and human trials, the medical efficacy of cannabis is overwhelming for a wide variety of diseases and ailments.

Current trends

We stay on top of advances in research, fueled by controlled studies, observational studies, reports, and peer reviews describing the efficacy of cannabis for the treatment of various medical conditions. While the studies continue to proceed in countries like Israel, the United Kingdom and Spain, clinical study efforts are still hampered in the U.S. due to the continued inclusion of cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance. Numerous planned controlled clinical studies over the past decades have been frustrated by the inability to obtain FDA approval for such study or, if permission is received, to obtain quality test material from the government’s supply facility at the University of Mississippi.

In 2015, three U.S. Senators brought forth the CARERS Act, a bipartisan effort to protect those involved with state-based medical cannabis programs while rescheduling cannabis from a Schedule I to Schedule II substance. The support that the Act has received so far is unprecedented. Should such legislation be adopted, cannabis will finally be given the opportunity to take its place in traditional pharmacology in the 21st century.

Interesting fact:

Cannabis tinctures were available for over-the-counter purchase in pharmacies throughout the United States until the 1930s.

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Cannabis Marijuana Plant Anatomy

Cannabis is a flowering plant with many utilitarian purposes: cannabis seeds can be used for food; its stalks can be used for paper, clothing, rope and building materials; and its leaves, flowers and roots can be used for medicinal purposes.

The female plants can grow the flowers, or buds, that are utilized most often for human consumption. The cola refers to the plant’s “bud site” where tight female flowers bloom. Colas form at all budding sites throughout the plant, but the larger, firmer colas tend to form toward the top of the plant with the main cola, sometimes called the apical bud, forming at the very top of the plant.

On the flowers, or buds, you will notice what look like little translucent or white looking crystals. These are called trichomes. Originally developed to protect the plant against predators and the elements, these very small, clear, mushroom-shaped glands ooze very fragrant oils called terpenes, as well as therapeutic cannabinoids like THC and CBD.

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What Are Terpenes and What Do They Do?

Knowing how terpenes work is an important part of understanding cannabis—and personalizing your experience. Learning the different terpene profiles is beneficial in helping you identify the potential for therapeutic and psychological effects of cannabis, along with its aroma, flavor and color.

The organic compounds found in terpenes provide different benefits, such as anti-inflammatory or anxiety-reducing properties. Cannabis plants showcase about 40 terpenes each, and a total of 200 have been identified in different strains. This guide will help you better understand how these important parts of the cannabis plant can enhance your overall experience.

What are terpenes?

Terpenes are organic compounds found in the essential oils of the female cannabis plant that determine each strain’s unique scent and flavor. They are essential for the plant’s growth and survival by not only producing unique aromas, but also creating the plant’s colors in their buds and leaves. This pigmentation attracts certain creatures to spread pollen—and deters others that could cause harm—all while strengthening the plant’s immune system.

Terpenes are volatile compounds—organic chemicals that evaporate easily at room temperature—so extraction must occur with extreme care. Three main extraction processes include: solventless (steam or hydro-distillation), solvent (using hydrocarbons and gases) and mechanical (using pressure and heat).

What is the difference between CBD and terpenes?

Three of the most commonly discussed naturally occurring compounds of the cannabis plant are terpenes, CBD, and THC. Cannabidiol, commonly referred to as CBD, is the second most active ingredient (to THC) found in cannabis—and cannot cause a high. Instead, the chemicals in CBD have a different effect on the brain and body, which can help aid in pain relief and stimulate relaxation.

Pure THC (isolated delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, will provide a generic high—one without character profiles like “anti-anxiety” or “pain relief.” Instead, these characters develop from the terpenes and CBD as they work in concert with THC. This so-called “entourage effect” is what ultimately enhances the THC’s physical and psychoactive properties for the unique effects experienced from strains of different cannabinoid blends.

How do terpenes affect the body?

Terpenes can have a direct physiological effect on the body—and cannabis is one of the most common sources for wellness terpenes. They interact with our endocannabinoid system and assist cannabinoids in entering our bloodstream through the entourage effect—the biological synergy of these and other compounds like flavonoids.

Terpenes’ many therapeutic properties include fighting pain, lowering stress and anxiety, and helping with depression and bipolar disorder (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Additionally, terpenes can help with insomnia, focus and memory, epileptic seizures, and reducing systemic inflammation, amongst other benefits (www.treadwellfarms.com).

What are terpenes good for?

Terpenes found in cannabis can have many “anti-“ benefits for the body, including:

  • Analgesic
  • Anti-cancer
  • Anti-convulsant
  • Anti-depressant
  • Anti-fungal
  • Anti-hyperglycemic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-microbial
  • Anti-parasitic
  • Anti-viral
  • Pain relief

What are some examples of terpenes in cannabis?

The top six terpenes found in cannabis are:

 Humulene. This terpene smells like earth, woods, and spice—it’s what gives cannabis its identifiable scent, along with the distinct flavor of hoppy beers. Humulene has several benefits including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor, along with being an appetite suppressant for weight management.

Limonene. This terpene’s scent reflects its name—citrus, lemon, fruity. Limonene has been known to elevate moods, relieve stress, reduce inflammation, and reduce pain: It holds antioxidant and anti-cancer properties and has been shown to effectively treat anxiety, breast cancer, depression and acid reflux.

 Linalool. This terpene smells like lavender with a bit of spice. Linalool is best known for its anti-inflammatory and sedative properties, and therefore helpful for anxiety and insomnia. Linalool has also been shown to be a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.

 Myrcene. This terpene smells like cloves, spice and earth. As the most common of cannabis terpenes, myrcene is best used to promote relaxation and sedation. It has also been used to help inflammation and reduce pain.

 Pinene. This terpene is available as alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. Alpha smells like pine needles and rosemary, while beta conveys basil, dill, hops, and parsley. Pinene provides mental focus and clarity, while offering anti-inflammatory relief for fibromyalgia and arthritis. Pinene is also a known Bronchodilator, which may open airways in the lungs, and it has also claimed to combat short-term memory loss in conjunction with THC use.

 Terpinolene. This terpene smells floral, piney, herbal and a little citrusy. It’s commonly used for its anti-bacterial and antifungal properties. Still, terpinolene reports to possibly reduce the risk of heart disease and growth of cancer cells, while acting as an effective treatment for anxiety, insomnia and panic attacks.

Knowing what terpene profile is right for you

Determining your personalized terpene profile can be a fun and educational way to explore cannabis usage and its benefits. Here are some tips to help you:

Read the terpenes above and determine your scent preference and/or effects or wellness needs.
Explore strains by dominate terpenes. Most cannabis products include terpene profiles in their descriptions or packaging labels. (Be sure to check for freshness/expiration dates, too.)
Visit your local Ascend store to try your new selections. You can buy a small amount of different strains to test how each feels. (Avoid dabbing or cannabis oil when experimenting.)
Ask your Ascend budtender if you’re still looking for advice.

Conclusion

Identifying terpenes will not only round out your cannabis know-how, but can help you to personalize your cannabis experience to indulge your senses, benefit your mind, and even potentially aid your health. Ascend carries a range of terpene-profile products for you to explore, know and love.

Sources:

https://cannabisaficionado.com/humulene/
https://lifeboostmd.com/medical-marijuana/5-ways-cbd-affects-your-brain/
https://news.green-flower.com/what-are-the-best-cannabis-strains-for-depression/
https://strainprint.ca/understanding-terpenes-beta-caryophyllene/
https://strainprint.ca/understanding-terpenes-limonene-2/
https://strainprint.ca/understanding-terpenes-linalool/
https://strainprint.ca/understanding-terpenes-pinene/
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/cannabidiol-cbd-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-2018082414476
https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/marijuana-and-bipolar#marijuana-and-other-health-conditions
https://www.humboldtseeds.net/en/blog/how-are-terpenes-extracted/
https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/terpenes-the-flavors-of-cannabis-aromatherapy
https://www.leafly.com/news/health/how-cannabis-terpenes-work-body-mind#:~:text=There%20is%20good%20evidence%20suggesting,likely%20to%20be%20mood%2Delevating.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/what-are-terpenes#effects
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120914/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7324885/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/volatile-organic-compound
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/some-of-the-parts-is-marijuana-rsquo-s-ldquo-entourage-effect-rdquo-scientifically-valid/
https://www.treadwellfarms.com/blogs/cbd-education/how-specific-terpenes-work-on-pain-inflammation-anxiety-and-more

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Glossary of Basic Cannabis Terms

Aroma 
The odor of a cannabis sample. The aroma of marijuana is caused by chemical compounds called terpenes. Depending on the exact mix of terpenes (more than 200 have been discovered), samples can produce a skunky, musky, or citrus odor.

Backcross
In cannabis breeding, backcrossing is when a hybrid plant (one that is a mix of indica and sativa) is bred with one of its parents in an effort to create offspring that are closer to the original parent with which the hybrid was bred. Backcrossing is typically performed with the goal of preserving rare strains or enhancing the effects of recessive genes.

BHO (Butane Hash Oil) 
An extraction, or concentrate, created by immersing cannabis in a solvent (in this case, butane), resulting in a very potent oil that contains high levels of THC. Also known as a “dab,” different varieties of BHO include “honey oil,” “earwax,” and “shatter.” Many different manufacturing processes can be employed to change the consistency and quality of the oil that is derived from this process.

Bud 
A reference to the flower of the cannabis plant. Buds contain the most resinous trichomes, the translucent stalk-like structures that manufacture and contain cannabinoids (such as THC, CBD, and CBG). It is the bud of the plant that is most desired and that provides the greatest value to both medical and recreational users alike.

Cannabinoids 
The chemical compounds found in cannabis that are manufactured by the resinous trichomes found mostly on the bud, or flower, of the plant. 111 cannabinoids have been discovered to date; the most famous example is THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, which provides the euphoric high delivered by most strains of cannabis. Cannabinoids are the “miracle molecules” that provide medical efficacy to patients and are known to deliver pain relief, ease depression, reduce inflammation, eliminate nausea, and even stop the growth of or eliminate cancerous tumors.

Cannabis
This plant, used as a medical remedy for millennia, is actually three species of flowering herbs. Cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and cannabis ruderalis all offer very different versions of the cannabis plant. Sativa and indica types are the most common. Because of its poor yield and low quantities of THC, ruderalis is not commonly grown or desired by patients or recreational consumers. Sativa varieties are known for their energizing, uplifting effect and are appropriate for treating depression, nausea, and obesity. Indica types are better for alleviating body pain and anxiety and are the most common type of cannabis on both the black market and in legal dispensaries.

CBD
Cannabidiol, or CBD, is one of the 111 cannabinoids found in cannabis. Next to THC, CBD is the second most common cannabinoid in marijuana. This cannabinoid is known to effectively treat inflammation, pain, and anxiety—but delivers no euphoric “high” like THC. CBD has value in treating conditions such as epilepsy, where it significantly reduces and sometimes even eliminates seizures. It is especially appropriate for childhood epilepsy because it delivers no euphoria. Strains high in CBD include Harlequin, Critical Mass, and Killawatt.

Concentrates
Extracts from cannabis that offer greater strength and potency than flowers from the herb and are available in many different forms. Concentrates are created by using a solvent to dissolve the resinous cannabinoids found on the herb’s bud, or flowers. Concentrates typically have very high levels of THC and other cannabinoids. Examples of concentrates include BHO (Butane Hash Oil), kief, “wax,” and “shatter.”

Co-op (cooperative) 
A community of patients or cannabis consumers in a particular geographic area who combine their efforts to cultivate, harvest, and prepare cannabis plants and by-products that are distributed among the group. Co-ops make their own rules and typically have membership requirements, but often must comply with local or state law to avoid prosecution by authorities. Co-ops are common in California and Oregon, but can be found in several other states. In some areas, co-ops are an alternative to dispensaries and compassion clubs.

Cross (crossbreeding) 
The act of breeding two different strains of cannabis to produce a new and unique strain. The goal when crossing strains is to combine the most desirable traits of both parents. An example is Blue Cheese, which is a cross of Blueberry and Big Buddha Cheese.

Dab 
Slang for a dose of BHO (Butane Hash Oil) that is smoked or vaporized. “Dabbing” is the act of consuming dabs, often using special pipes, bongs, or vaporizer attachments.

Dispensary 
A business or non-profit retail location where patients (and sometimes recreational users) can gain consultation from an expert (called a budtender), select, and purchase cannabis. Dispensaries provide something called “safe access,” helping patients and consumers avoid the black market. Many dispensaries cultivate most or all of the cannabis they sell, whereas others purchase it through legitimate channels or on the black market.

Edibles 
Food that has been infused with cannabis to provide it with medical efficacy and possibly to deliver euphoria. Although there are several different methods by which edibles can be produced, one of the most popular is the use of cannabis butter (cannabutter) or cannabis-infused oil. Edibles are sometimes called “medibles” due to their medical quality and popularity among patients who cannot or do not desire to smoke. Edibles feature a significantly longer onset time than smoking or vaporizing (both of which take effect in only about 2.5 minutes), typically requiring 45 minutes to an hour to achieve onset. The medical efficacy and euphoria delivered by edibles lasts longer than smoking or vaporizing and is typically perceived as more potent.

Feminized
Cannabis seeds that have been selectively bred to produce only females. This is desirable because it is the mature female plants that produce the most resinous trichomes that contain cannabinoids, the source of all medical efficacy in cannabis. Male plants are identified at the beginning of the flower stage of cultivation and typically destroyed. While many sources will cite feminized seeds as producing the same quality plants as non-feminized varieties, some master breeders claim that feminization produces plants that aren’t as reliable or stable as their non-feminized siblings.

Flowering Time
The period of time required for a cannabis plant to go from the end of the vegetative stage (the first stage of growth) to harvest. Sativa varieties typically require a few weeks more to mature than indica strains (why indica types are the most popular—especially on the black market). Flowering time may be a consideration for cultivation facilities and patients growing their own medicine.

Flowers
The “bud” section of the cannabis plant that matures at the end of the “flower” stage of cultivation, when the number and size of resinous trichomes is greatest. Flowers are the reproductive organs of the female plant and contain nearly all of the trichomes in cannabis. It is typically the flowers that are used to create extracts and concentrates (although these can be derived from trim leaves). When fertilized by male plants, it is the flowers that produce seeds.

Hash
Short for hashish, this is a form of cannabis concentrate that is significantly more potent than regular marijuana flowers and has been employed by humans for thousands of years. Hash production involves the separation of the resinous trichomes from the flowers of the plant, typically through the use of filtering or sieving. After trichomes are collected, they are pressed or rolled into a brown, gooey paste or sticky, crumbly powder.

Heirloom 
A cannabis strain taken from its native land and bred and cultivated in another area of the world. Many heirloom varieties are also landrace strains, meaning they have not been crossbred.

Hemp 
The non-euphoric variety of cannabis that contains little or no THC. By legal definition in the United States and Canada, hemp may contain no more than 0.3 percent THC. Unlike cannabis, which is derived from the female plant, hemp is typically grown from male plants. This fibrous plant can be used for more than 5,000 applications, including shelter, food, medicine, fuel, and even the manufacture of plastics. In southern climates of the United States, up to three crops per year can be grown. Hemp cultivation remains illegal in the United States, although hemp products are readily available (all hemp used in the U.S. must be imported).

Hybrid
A cannabis plant that is a cross of two or more different strains. Most of the cannabis available on both the black market and also in legal states is derived from hybrid strains. Hybrids are created to combine the best traits of two or more strains in an effort to create a more effective medicine or a more potent, pleasant, or long-lasting high.

Hydroponics
A cultivation system commonly employed in cannabis gardens that involves the use of plant roots suspended in a liquid solution of water and nutrients. No soil is used in hydroponics. Advantages include greater control of nutrient volumes and the ability to make small adjustments to the health of the plant. Hydroponic gardens typically yield about double the flower volume of dirt-grown cannabis, although some claim that organic cannabis grown in dirt—especially outdoors—is the highest quality. Gardeners are obviously attracted to hydroponic growing because of the exceptionally high yield it delivers.

Indica
The common reference for cannabis indica, one of the three species of cannabis. Indica strains are the most commonly available on both the black market and also in legal dispensaries and compassion clubs. Indica plants originate in Asia and the Middle East. Afghan and Kush varieties are both indicas. Indica plants are characterized by short, broad leaves and relatively large yields during harvest. This species delivers a relaxing body high and is effective in treating pain and providing relaxation and relief from stress or anxiety. Indica strains are often known for their sedative effects (“couchlock”), especially when a large quantity is consumed.

Kief
Resinous trichomes that have been extracted, or collected, from a female cannabis plant. Unlike hash, kief is not pressed, but rather loose (a powder). In this respect, hash and kief are nearly identical. Kief is one of the most easily created extracts of cannabis and can be created by gently rubbing cannabis flowers over a screen that features a collection plate below to capture the trichomes. Like hash, kief is much more potent than raw cannabis flowers.

Kush 
Cannabis plants from the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Kush varieties are indicas and most effective for fighting pain, appetite stimulation, and use as a sedative. Many kush strains feature an earthy or citrus aroma.

Landrace
A native strain of cannabis that has experienced no breeding or human intervention with its genetic structure. Landrace strains have evolved over millions of years and are the source of today’s wealth of hybrid strains most commonly available on both the black market and in legal dispensaries and compassion clubs. These strains sometimes are named for the region in which they are derived, such as Afghani and Thai. Pure indica and sativa strains are typically landraces and relatively rare. Durban Poison is an example of a landrace sativa.

Marijuana
The term given to cannabis in the early 20th century by prohibitionist forces within the United States government and big business that were intent on outlawing the plant. The term was derived from the Mexican “marihuana” (either accidentally or purposely misspelled) and was used to deceive the public, which was already very familiar with the term “cannabis.” Cannabis was available in the form of a tincture and typically administered for everything from headaches and bruised knees to painful menstruation and childbirth (aspirin wasn’t commonly available until after 1920). While “marijuana” and “pot” are the most common references for the herb in the United States and Canada, “cannabis” is the default reference for the plant in the United Kingdom, Europe, and many other parts of the world.

OG
A label used to describe a family of cannabis strains originating in Southern California. “OG” stands for “ocean grown.” Most OG strains available today are variations of the original OG Kush, which helped make the West Coast a mecca for medical and recreational cannabis.

Phenotype 
The physical characteristics of a particular strain of cannabis—such as height, leaf structure, and color—that quickly differentiate it from other strains. The phenotype of indica strains is short and fat, with thick leaves, whereas sativa strains are tall, skinny, and feature thin leaves.

Pistil
Part of the female anatomy of the cannabis plant. These hair-like growths in the center of the flower, or bud, range in color from white to orange. Functionally, the pistil collects the pollen dispersed by male plants. When pistils catch no pollen and produce no seeds, cannabis plants invest their energy into producing resinous trichomes (this is why only female plants are consumed by patients and recreational users). The state and color of pistils can help gardeners understand the readiness of plants for harvest.

Pot
Slang for “marijuana” or “cannabis.” Possibly the most common reference for the recreational variety of the plant in the United States. In the U.K. and Europe, “cannabis” is the most common label.

Pre-roll
A cannabis cigarette, or “joint,” that is sold by many dispensaries and compassion clubs (typically for patients and customers who do not know how to roll joints or prefer not to). In prohibitionist states, pre-rolled joints are convenient because they can be consumed in public and without the use of paraphernalia (pipes, bongs, and other smoking devices), meaning consumers are breaking only one law.

Rosin
Rosin is concentrated cannabis oil extracted without the use of solvents. Heat and pressure are applied until the oil is extracted from the cannabis plant.

Ruderalis 
The common reference for cannabis ruderalis, one of the three species of cannabis. It is characterized by low THC and poor yields. Ruderalis strains are increasing in popularity due to the need for low-THC, CBD-rich strains for conditions like epilepsy and cancer. Ruderalis is unique in that, during cultivation, it is an “autoflowering” species of cannabis that does not require a change in light cycles to enter the flowering stage. Ruderalis landrace strains originated in Russia and are very hardy and capable of surviving in harsh climates.

Sativa
The common reference for cannabis sativa, one of the three species of cannabis. This variety originated in the equatorial regions of the world (the Middle East and Asia) and includes strains from Africa, Thailand, and South America. This variety is characterized by an energetic, euphoric “head high” that is more cerebral than body-oriented. Sativa strains are well suited for helping patients deal with depression and fatigue and actually suppress appetite (the opposite of “the munchies” that are experienced by indica users). Sativa strains are more rare because they require longer to grow and, in indoor gardens, yield considerably less than indicas—making them less profitable. Most dispensaries and compassion clubs feature at least a couple of sativa-dominant or pure sativa strains. An example of a high-quality sativa-dominant strain is Jack Herer. Durban Poison is a very popular landrace sativa.

Shatter
A specialized form of BHO (Butane Hash Oil) that is characterized by a rigid, stiff form and is similar to wax (another form of BHO). Some manufacturers and gardeners prefer sativa strains for the creation of shatter.

Strain 
A specific variety of a cannabis plant that falls within a particular species, such as sativa or indica. Strains deliver a particular cannabinoid profile, meaning each offers a unique mix of cannabinoids such as THC, CBD, and CBG. For this reason, different strains deliver markedly varying efficacy. Strain names, most of which have been coined by counterculture underground breeders, typically reflect the youthful, outlaw renegade nature of the mostly illegal world of cannabis. Popular strains include Durban Poison, Jack Herer, OG Kush, Headband, and Sour Diesel.

THC 
Tetrahydrocannabinol is the most common and cited cannabinoid available in marijuana. Also referred to as Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, this cannabinoid was first isolated in 1964 in Israel. THC is one of the only cannabinoids to provide euphoria, or a “high,” and thus strains high in this compound have been purposefully bred to produce strains that are more potent and deliver greater medical efficacy. Strains high in THC include Trainwreck, Durban Poison, OG Kush, and Bio-Diesel.

Tincture
A liquid form of cannabis extract typically produced using alcohol or glycerol that is most commonly administered via use of an eyedropper under the tongue. Because they are liquid, tinctures can be flavored or embellished with other herbs. Tinctures offer the benefit of rapid onset. While they can be mixed into drinks, this significantly increases the absorption rate and onset time because the cannabinoids must now travel through the digestive tract. Sublingual (under the tongue) applications offer much more rapid absorption and, thus, relief for patients (important for those suffering from severe, chronic pain).

Topical 
A cannabis extract involving the infusion of cannabinoids in a lotion or cream intended to be applied to the skin. In addition to smoke, vapor, edibles, and tinctures (sublingual applications), topical products are another consumption method that can be especially helpful for those who cannot smoke. Topical cannabis products may also be very helpful for skin conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis, and even skin cancer. While relatively new, topical cannabis products are gaining popularity in states that have legalized at least medical cannabis and developed a manufacturing and dispensary infrastructure that provides such products. Patients in prohibitionist states will be hard pressed to find a topical.

Trichome
The stalk-like resin glands found on cannabis flowers that produce and contain all cannabinoids and terpenes (the molecules that give cannabis its distinctive aroma). Nearly microscopic, these “silver hairs” give cannabis flowers and some fan leaves their sticky quality. THC, CBD, CBN, and every cannabinoid or terpene of medical value is produced in the trichomes. Plants featuring more trichomes (described as “sugary” or having many “crystals”) are more potent and deliver greater medical efficacy.

Vaporizer
A device employed to consume marijuana via inhalation. Vaporizers pass a stream of hot air—either actively (via a mechanized fan) or passively (via the inhale of a user)—across a sample of cannabis, which vaporizes the trichomes, but leaves the plant matter basically intact. For this reason, no combustion occurs in the process of vaporization and it is considered much healthier than smoking. Both flowers and cannabis oils can be vaporized. Available in both pocketable pen types and also more robust (and efficient) desktop models, patients who suffer respiratory ailments often prefer to vape or consume edibles. It is estimated that vaporization is twice as efficient at delivering THC and other cannabinoids to patients, meaning vaporizers, in theory, pay for themselves.

Wax
A cannabis concentrate derived from BHO (Butane Hash Oil) that is very similar to shatter. Wax offers patients and recreational consumers a way to consume very high-potency cannabis, something of value to those who are very sick and require rapid onset with the greatest potency possible.

Weed
Slang for “cannabis” or “marijuana.” Low-quality examples are labeled “dirtweed” or “brickweed.”

by ascendwellness

Ultimate Guide on How to Use a Vaporizer

In the past, the only effective way to enjoy cannabis was by lighting up and smoking. By now, the world at large is aware of the many negative effects that go along with inhaling smoke into the lungs. Thanks to the rise of devices called vaporizers, you can enjoy your favorite cannabis strains without exposing yourself to potential carcinogens and other hazardous chemicals. In fact, vaporizers have become so popular and widespread that you can now purchase concentrates, including waxes and oils, to get the most bang for your buck.

It’s easy to feel overwhelmed when investigating vaporizers for the first time. Since they’ve skyrocketed in popularity, a dizzying array of options has flooded the market. Newcomers often feel intimidated by the sheer variety of options and sometimes forego vaping altogether. Don’t let that happen to you! The truth is that vaporizers are simple devices. By familiarizing yourself with a few of the basics about them, you can easily zero in on an option that will work perfectly for you. Ready to learn everything you need to know about vaporizers? The following guide will help.

What are vaporizers?

Put simply, a vaporizer is a device that heats up cannabis or concentrates to a high temperature. In doing so, it produces a vapor containing the active ingredients that are found in the herbs. In the case of tobacco, for instance, the resulting vapor contains nicotine, which is what attracts most people to smoking tobacco in the first place.

A properly functioning vaporizer heats oils, waxes or dry cannabis to the point where they release vapor but not to the point where they actually burn. This is an important distinction, as burning produces smoke. Smoke, of course, can be very harmful to the health when it’s inhaled into the lungs. Unlike smoke, vapor is very smooth and easy to inhale. It doesn’t have that sometimes harsh quality that smoke often has, so you can more easily enjoy your favorite herbs, blends or concentrates without all the coughing and discomfort.

Many people don’t realize it, but many of the beneficial ingredients contained in dry cannabis literally go up in smoke when they’re burned. Even if you take long, deep drags, you’re not getting nearly as many benefits from the experience. It’s different when you use vaporizers. The materials aren’t burned, so their beneficial ingredients don’t simply float away into the ether. Indeed, you will enjoy more of the beneficial, active ingredients by vaping as opposed to smoking.

There are two main types of vaporizers: portable models and desktop (or tabletop) models. Before learning the differences between the two, familiarize yourself with how vaporizers work more generally.

Vaporizers: The basics

Most vaporizers consist of a few basic components. They all have heating elements that are used to heat the dry herb or concentrate until the point that it produces a vapor that can be inhaled. They all have extraction chambers, which is where the vapor is actually generated. Finally, they all have mouthpieces, which is where you draw the vapor out by inhaling.

With some vaporizers, you inhale the vapor directly from the extraction chamber. That’s the case with the vast majority of portable models, which must be compact and lightweight. However, most desktop or tabletop vaporizers have holding chambers where the vapor is held until you are ready to draw it out. Holding chambers are most typically made out of tubes or bags.

Portable vaporizers

On-the-go smokers typically prefer portable vaporizers. Odds are you’ve seen the most common style, which is known as a pen vaporizer, while out and about. E-cigarettes are pen vaporizers, and they have soared in popularity over the last few years. Indeed, e-cigarettes have really brought vaping into the mainstream. Portable vaporizers usually run off of batteries, with lithium-ion and alkaline being the most popular. While some models run off of disposable batteries, most of them have rechargeable batteries. Some can be recharged by simply being plugged into a power outlet while others require you to remove the batteries and charge them separately before replacing them. Not surprisingly, the first style is more expensive but also much more popular than the second.

Not all portable vaporizers run off of batteries. Some are powered by butane or flames, but those styles tend to be far less efficient. Also, some portable vapes can be charged with car adapters or chargers, which is convenient for people who spend lots of time in their cars.

Tabletop vaporizers

Among serious smoking enthusiasts, tabletop vaporizers (also commonly referred to as desktop vaporizers) are a very popular alternative to handheld vaporizers. The main attraction here is the fact that they plug right into power outlets, so they have a strong, steady flow of power that results in a more efficient, steady, reliable flow of vapor.

As for how the vapor is produced, however, there are a few different options with desktop models:

  • Whip-Style – By far the most common style, a whip-style vaporizer has a “whip,” or tube, that’s typically made out of vinyl or silicone. With this design, hot air is pulled over blends and concentrates from the heat source through a process known as convection. Convection is the superior way to go because the heating element and materials never touch, so there’s no risk of actually lighting the materials on fire.
  • Forced Air – With this design, an internal fan pushes hot air over the materials to produce a stream of vapor that’s typically collected in a balloon bag until you’re ready to inhale it. Most high-end vaporizers feature this design.
  • Dual – If you want to switch between the two different designs, a dual-style desktop vape is probably your best bet.

Types of materials

Whether you’re looking at portable or desktop vapes, you will notice that some are designed specifically for dry herb blends while others are intended for oils, waxes and other concentrates. In the case of a blend-style vaporizer, you will need to grind your cannabis to a fine consistency before placing them in the chamber. With a concentrate-style vape, you may have to use cartridges that are already filled with the concentrate of your choice. Other styles have dishes or bowls where the concentrate is placed and then turned into vapor. Without a doubt, the most convenient models support both dry herb blends and concentrates.

History of vaporizers

The general public started becoming aware of the serious risks of inhaling tobacco smoke around the 1960s. It should come as no surprise then, that this is roughly when people started looking for alternative ways to get the nicotine they craved. A man named Herbert A. Gilbert is credited with designing the first vaporizer to be used as an alternative to other smoking devices. He designed his first model around 1963, so vapes are hardly newcomers to the scene; they just didn’t really catch on in popularity until much later.

As far as how vapes finally started catching on in popularity, that is largely credited to a Chinese pharmacist named Han Lik. Lik supposedly started investigating alternative options after his father passed away from cancer. In 2003, Lik’s device, the Ruyan, first hit the market in China. Ruyan roughly translates to “like smoke,” and the device quickly took China by storm. From there, it migrated over to Europe. By the mid-to-late 2000s, similar designs started flooding the U.S. market, and the public hasn’t looked back since.

Who would want a vaporizer?

If you can still use a bong, joint or other device to enjoy your favorite dry cannabis, why would you consider switching to a vaporizer? First, if you are a particularly health-conscious person, vaping is probably going to appeal to you. After all, it eliminates the need to inhale actual smoke into your lungs, so you don’t have to worry about tar and other residue building up in them. While many dry cannabis other than tobacco don’t necessarily cause as much lung damage, it’s still something that many folks are conscious of and concerned about. If you fall into that category, switching to a vaporizer is probably the best option.

Another reason people switch to vaporizers is because of social pressure. There’s a strong social stigma associated with traditional smoking. People are more aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke than ever, for instance, and smoking is frowned upon or forbidden in most places. If you are a smoker and are tired of feeling like an outcast because of it, you’ll love the more accepting attitude that people have toward vaping. Sure, vaping is still relatively new, but most people are fine with it after learning that such devices strictly produce odor-free vapors as opposed to stinky, cancer-causing smoke.

Finally, if you want to get as many of the benefits out of your favorite dry cannabis as possible — or if you’d like to see what all the fuss is about with waxes, oils and other concentrates — a vaporizer is the way to go. You see, the process by which vaping occurs produces a far more “medicinal” quality. When smoking cannabis, for instance, about 89 percent of the smoke has no medicinal value whatsoever. With vaping, on the other hand, about 95 percent of the medicine is absorbed within the first few seconds; you will only get around 12 percent of the medicine with traditional smoking.

Pros and Cons of using a vaporizer

Vaporizers have soared in popularity of late. When you consider the many advantages that go along with vaping, it’s easy to see why:

  • Healthier and safer than traditional smoking.
  • Doesn’t produce secondhand smoke.
  • Vaporizers are not affected by no-smoking laws.
  • Can be enjoyed virtually anywhere.
  • No bad odor is left behind on clothes or in the air.
  • Doesn’t affect the breath, so those who vape don’t have “smoker’s breath.”
  • No butts, tips or papers to clean up, so it’s better for the environment.
  • Cheaper than traditional smoking. Especially true regarding tobacco, but vaping dry cannabis is cheaper in that you can derive far more medicinal qualities from a smaller amount of product. In other words, you use fewer materials to achieve the same — or even better — results.

Not everything about using a vaporizer is perfect. Like anything else, there are drawbacks to vaping. A few of the most notable cons include:

  • More research is still needed in terms of the overall safety of vaping.
  • However, most agree that it must be significantly healthier than inhaling actual smoke.
  • The industry is still largely unregulated, so it’s easy for companies to sell inferior products without having to worry about repercussions. In other words, buyer beware.
  • Vapor has a different taste than smoke, and some people can’t get used to it.
  • In very rare instances, vaporizer batteries have been known to explode.

Best practices

The first step to properly using a vaporizer is to thoroughly read the instructions. Sure, you will be excited to get down to business, but different models have variations in terms of how they are best used. For instance, some models allow you to directly set the temperature, allowing you to adjust it to accommodate different cannabis and concentrates. Models with temp controls may have dials, knobs or digital displays, or they may have a range of preset temperature options.

A few best practices to keep in mind when using a vaporizer are as follows, but make sure to read the instructions for the model you buy before firing it up for the first time:

  • If using dry cannabis, grind them until all clumps have been eliminated. Take care not to grind them too finely, or they may slip through the chamber and make a mess.
  • Power up your device by either plugging it or making sure the battery is fully charged.
  • Give your device time to heat up. On many models, an LED light will switch on when it is ready to use.
  • Load the hand piece, chamber or whip with your ground-up cannabis or concentrates. It’s generally best to only fill it up about one-third of the way.
  • Over-filling the chamber can negatively impact the amount of vapor that is produced, which makes for a less enjoyable vaping experience.
  • Start drawing in the vapor through the mouthpiece. Go gently at first, and adjust your drawing style as needed. You may find that you need to do some experimenting before arriving at the perfect style.

When you are finished, turn off and/or unplug the vaporizer. Let it cool down completely before packing it away.

How to clean a vaporizer

When compared with bongs, pipes and other smoking devices, vaporizers don’t tend to get nearly as dirty. However, they still need to be cleaned occasionally. The method in which you clean yours will depend on the kind you have. Again, refer to the instructions for your specific device for in-depth cleaning instructions. In a pinch, though, you can use the following steps to make your device as clean as possible:

Collect everything you’ll need. At the very least, you will need rubbing alcohol, Q-tips, pipe cleaners and paper towels or dry cloths. If you’d like to collect resin from your device, you will also need a small bowl or other container.

Follow these basic steps to clean your vaporizer. Please note that all steps may not apply depending on the device you are using:

  • Remove all attachments and set them aside.
  • Wipe down the base with a cloth or paper towel that’s been moistened with plain water.
  • The herb chamber itself should be clean; if any loose herb is in it, just flip it upside down to dump it out.
  • Use Q-tips soaked in rubbing alcohol to clean out the heat trench beneath the herb chamber. You may also disassemble the herb chamber and soak it in rubbing alcohol if necessary. Dry everything thoroughly with paper towels or dry cloths.
  • Repeat the preceding step for all of the connections that go with your device.
  • If your device has a silicone whip, you can soak it in rubbing alcohol to loosen up residue. Use Q-tips to wipe away the rest, and then thoroughly dry it with towels.
  • If your device uses bags, don’t bother trying to clean them. They get sticky over time and generally must be replaced every six or seven inflations or so.
  • If your device has a HEPA filter, you shouldn’t have to worry about replacing it for a long time. Still, keep an eye on it and swap it out if or when it starts looking fairly dirty.

By regularly cleaning your vaporizer, it will stay in like-new shape and will operate more efficiently and effectively.

Safety tips

Although rare, a few mishaps have been reported about vaporizers. Regardless of the kind you use, keep these safety tips in mind:

Buy the best vaporizer that you can reasonably afford. The truth is that very cheap models are more likely to pose safety hazards.

If your device operates off of a battery, consider using a multimeter to keep an eye on battery voltage and resistance. This will help reduce the risk of overheating and/or explosions.

If your device runs off of batteries, make sure to use the best ones you can afford. Also, make sure that replacements are compatible with your device.

Whatever you do, do not touch the heating element on your vaporizer. Avoid touching it not only while using it but well after you’re done too. It can take a long time for the element to cool off to the point where it’s safe to touch.

Risks of using a vaporizer

Happily enough, there are very few risks associated with using a vaporizer. As mentioned above, the heating element is the main thing you need to worry about. On most models, it is safely shielded, so it’s not like you have to worry about accidentally touching it. Still, it pays to be aware of its location and to keep your hands away from it as a general rule.

The more pressing concern about vaping concerns its overall safety. Because it’s only become popular recently, the possible health risks that are associated with it are largely unknown. That’s especially true about potential long-term health risks. A lot more research must be conducted before anyone can definitively say what the impact of using a vaporizer regularly will be. When compared with smoking, however, it’s fairly clear that vaping is much less harmful to the health. The mere fact that vapor is so smooth and easy to inhale pretty much proves that.

With some vapes, there’s a risk of short-circuiting. This typically happens when the battery becomes overheated. This may result in a fire. The best way to avoid this issue is by investing in a decent vaporizer.

There is also a slight risk of explosions with some low-end vaporizers. This most commonly occurs when vent gases are unable to properly escape. They bottle up inside the unit until they cause an explosion. Luckily, this is exceedingly rare, and the technology has improved to the point where it’s really not something you need to worry about.

Conclusion

Is vaping right for you? The only way to find out for sure is by purchasing a vaporizer and giving it a go. Of course, if you know someone who owns a vaporizer, you can ask to try it. If you’ve already decided to switch to vaping, take your time when buying a vaporizer. Make the most of the wealth of information that’s available online about today’s most popular models. Scour online reviews to zero in on the best options. It shouldn’t take long for you to pinpoint a vaporizer that suits your needs perfectly.

Sources

http://vaporblog.org/blog/guides/vapir-rise-cleaning-maintenance-guide/ 

http://www.leafscience.com/2014/06/08/choose-right-vaporizer-buyers-guide/ 

http://collegeofcannabis.com/reviews/best-vaporizer-pen-sale-online-top-20-vape-pens-reviewed/ 

Information and photos courtesy of David Matthews and Billowby.com 

by ascendwellness

Your Complete Guide on How to Use a Pipe

Glass pipes combine form with function to create pieces that are both useful and beautiful. They are available in countless styles and colors, from extremely simple to wildly imaginative, and allow users a wide range of smoking experiences. Simple hand pipes are little more than glass tubes. At the other end of the spectrum, bubblers with double or even triple chambers approach engineering marvels with helical smoke chambers and ice reservoirs for cooling the smoke.

Far more complex than windowpane glass, glass pipes are constructed with artistic skill and precise chemical formulas that result in colors and designs once thought impossible from glass. They are available in every color imaginable, and some even change colors as they are used. Some are cut and polished from larger pieces of glass, like gemstones, while others are woven together from delicate strands as fine as blades of grass.

What are glass pipes, anyways?

A glass pipe is used to smoking tobacco or cannabis. Unlike wood or clay, glass pipes impart no competing flavors to the smoking experience. Pipes of porous clays or combustible woods were once valued precisely for the additional tastes they added to the smoke, but the gradual cultivation of newer, more complex varieties of cannabis and tobacco blends have resulted in an overwhelming preference for glass pipes that isolate the flavors of the smoke and provide a purer smoking experience.

Some glass pipes are produced by blowing the glass into a large bubble, applying a regular, hexagonal pattern of clear glass, and then collapsing the bubble back down into its compact form. Glass created with this design is known as honeycomb glass. Glass pipes are also unique. Unlike mass-manufactured clay pipes, a glass pipe is produced by an artisan, and no two are exactly alike. The majority of these pipes are hand blown. Some are produced entirely by hand. Others are spun on a glass lathes, similar to wood-working lathes, so that the artisan can create larger pieces.

Patterns can also be created by blowing bubbles of colored glass into larger melds of clear glass, or by weaving heated strands of glass together in a manner similar to that used when weaving baskets. Hot glass is sometimes rolled in a powder of crushed, colored glass. The powdered glass layer is then thoroughly melted into the whole. This process is repeated multiple times, adding successive layers of color to the piece.

After the resulting piece is annealed, intricate patterns are etched into the glass pipe with a sandblaster. The etching reveals the underlying colors, and the color revealed depends on the depth of the etching. This type of glass is called Graal glass. Sometimes the crushed, colored glass is mixed into the inside of entirely molten glass to suspend tiny flecks of color within the finished piece. This technique is known as fritting.

A better-known method of producing color-changing glass pipes is the fuming process. In this process, glassblowers pass gold, silver, cobalt or other metal vapors directly through the glass as it is worked. Tiny amounts of the metal are trapped in the glass as it cools. They give a very faint tint to the glass. When the pipe is used, resins and tars begin to coat the inner surface of the glass. This coating creates a dark background against which the trapped metal shows up vividly.

Iridescent, dichroic coatings are created on glass through the vapor-phase deposition of quartz or metal oxides. The materials are vaporized with an electron beam inside a vacuum chamber while a slight charge is applied to the glass pipe. The vapors are drawn to the charged surface of the pipe and condense on it like water droplets on the outside of a cold glass on a hot summer day. Unlike the water droplets, this condensate is crystalline and extremely thin. A single layer will only be about three-millionths of an inch thick.

In addition to the visible color, the dichroic layers also have unique reflective colors. The iridescent property is caused by the shifting of colors as the glass pipe is viewed from different viewing angles or under different lighting. Skilled artists can even create images on the glass by using lasers to etch the dichroic surfaces. When coated with a layer of clear glass, the etching is magnified into a clearly visible image.

Silver fuming produces a slight yellow tint that turns blue as the glass pipe is used. Gold fuming produces a slightly pinkish tint that turns gold as the pipe is used. Gold fuming can also produce other color changes. Cobalt fuming produces a deep blue color.

Glass pipes are not always produced by working with molten glass. Large chunks of cold glass are sometimes cut and polished with a lapidary wheel to produce a faceted glass pipe. This is similar to the way gemstones are cut and polished.

The pipes constructed with these different types of glass fall into five basic shapes:

Chillums

Chillums, or hand pipes, are the most basic shape of glass pipe available. They are small, simple glass tubes. Users pack smoking material into the end, apply flame and inhale. This simplicity, however, has drawbacks. There is no carburetor, so the smoke is not easily cleared and they are suitable only for small amounts of tobacco or herb blends.

Spoons

Spoon pipes are slightly more sophisticated than chillums because they possess a carburetor. After it is produced, the smoke becomes stale in a matter of seconds. Carburetors on a glass pipe, much like the carburetor on early automobiles, allow additional air to be drawn in. On a spoon pipe, the carburetor is a simple hole. When the hole is covered with a finger or thumb, incoming air is drawn through the bowl and burning material. This draws smoke into the glass pipe. When the hole is uncovered, air enters through the carburetor because it is the path of least resistance. This allows all of the smoke in the pipe to be rapidly inhaled. Smokers generally agree that glass pipes with carburetors produce fresher smoke than those without them.

Steamrollers

Steamrollers have bowls or glass on glass fittings on one side of the pipe. Both ends of the pipe are open, and the open end near the bowl functions as the carburetor. Some steamrollers have chambers between the bowl and the mouthpiece that allow smoke to be “rolled” to enhance cooling. Steamrollers have a reputation for hard, hot, rips but with practice they are wonderful smoking pipes. Steamrollers are not recommended for novice smokers.

Sherlock or Gandalf pipes

Sherlock or Gandalf pipes are named after the iconic pipes smoked by those literary figures. The classic Sherlock pipe has a large bowl with a gracefully arching stem. The bottom of the bowl is often flattened to allow the pipe to stand freely when not being held.

Gandalf pipes are similar, except that the stem is highly elongated. Both of these pipes may or may not have a carburetor. Like the chillums, spoon pipes and steamrollers, these pipes produce an unfiltered smoke that can taste harsh because of the included tars and resins.

Bubblers

The harsh taste of the tars and resins is filtered out through the use of bubbler pipes. Bubblers, or water pipes, diffuse the smoke through water before it is inhaled. This removes tar and resin and causes the smoke to taste smoother. The chamber is sometimes filled with hot water, but cold water is the standard. Hot water adds water vapor to the smoke and opens up airways to facilitate smoking. Cold water cools the smoke and creates a fresher, crisper taste. Some bubblers even go so far as to use ice. The intensely cold smoke produced in an ice-catcher bubbler is denser than smoke produced from simply cold water. When it is held in the lungs, it warms and expands.

The history of glass pipes

Natural glass, such as that produced by volcanoes or when lightning strikes sand, was known from very early times, but manufactured glass didn’t appear until around 1500 BC. At this time, the Babylonians were being overrun by the Kassites, the Rigveda was being written in the Indian subcontinent, bronze helmets were first being used in Crete, and the pharaohs of the New Kingdom were reuniting Egypt and creating glass.

During this period, glassmaking was limited to colored glass jewelry and very small containers. Glass was considered incredibly valuable, and it was extremely difficult to make with the crude materials and equipment available.

The blowpipe, an essential piece of technology for blowing glass, was not invented until around 30 BC, and glass suddenly became easier and cheaper to produce. The Portland vase, one of the most valuable glass art objects in the world, was likely produced in Rome within 100 years of this time.

The earliest use of a glass pipe is unknown, but it is unlikely to have been prior to the invention of the blowpipe. Glass could only be produced by casting prior to this time, and it seems doubtful that something as delicate as a glass pipe could be constructed in this manner.

Is a glass pipe right for you?

Glass pipes are used by smokers who want a pure taste from their cannabis or tobacco. Because the glass is non-porous and non-combustible, it adds nothing to the smoke.

They are also prized for their artistic designs. Glass can be blown into truly fantastical shapes, and smokers often purchase designs that have a special meaning for them. Dragons, unicorns or serpents are common fantasy motifs. Mushrooms, animals, trees or flowers speak to naturalists. Beautiful colors, patterns or curved forms draw artistic smokers. If someone wanted the shapes, glass pipes could even be blown into complex gears or engineering designs.

Glass pipes eliminate the need for the paper used to roll traditional cigarettes. They provide not only purer flavor, but also smoke that is free from whatever toxins burning paper (which is made from wood) brings to the smoking experience. They could be said to be healthier than conventional rolled smoking products.

Glass pipes are also great for germaphobes. Because the glass is non-porous, it has no cavities where bacteria could gain a foothold. It is also easy to clean.

Pros and cons

The pros of glass for the construction of smoking devices are numerous and have been touched upon in other sections. Glass adds nothing to the flavor of the tobacco or cannabis being smoked. It is non-porous and cleans easily. It contains no small openings to house bacteria. It is extremely workable and can be shaped into almost any design or color imaginable.

The only real con of glass construction is that glass is breakable. While some glass is certainly fragile, glass used for most pipe construction is not. It is annealed after shaping, and annealing strengthens the glass considerably.

As glass is shaped, internal stresses develop. These stresses are not visible to the naked eye, but they can cause the cooled glass to crack or even shatter when exposed to a minor temperature change or a small mechanical shock. Craftsmen place worked glass into a special kiln known as a lehr to remove these stresses.

In the lehr, the glass is heated just to the temperature where it is soft enough for thermal stresses to be relaxed but still hard enough to resist deformation. This temperature is known as the annealing point. The glass is allowed to remain at the annealing point, often with a coating of soot, until the temperature of the piece is uniform and all stresses have been relaxed. It is then allowed to cool to room temperature at a rate determined by the thickness of the piece and the heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion of the specific glass used.

Borosilicate glass is formed from molten silica and boron trioxide, and it has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. It can withstand significant thermal stresses. In addition to glass pipes, borosilicate glass is used for laboratory glassware and kitchen bakeware and is often sold under the trade names Kimax or Pyrex.

Best practices

Smoke becomes stale if it is left in the pipe for more than a few seconds, and the freshest smoke is always the most enjoyable. In a large glass chamber, it is easy to see the color of the smoke degrade from white to yellow or even brown as it becomes stale. Stale smoke will taste harsh. For this reason, it is best to carefully consider the size of the carburetor when buying a glass pipe. The smaller the carburetor, the more difficult it can be to clear the smoke.

Smaller pipes generally produce fresher tasting smoke simply because they can be cleared more quickly, and the smoke doesn’t have time to become stale. When using a bubbler, however, larger pipes are desirable because the filtration water will stay cold longer. Filtering smoke through cold water results in a fresh taste, so this is also an important consideration.

Small glass pipes require more frequent cleaning than large ones. They have smaller surface areas, so tar and resin create a thicker coating in a shorter amount of time. When using a bubbler, however, keep in mind that an absolutely clean pipe will result in unsightly scum formation on the surface of the filtration water. The tar and resin have a difficult time finding purchase on an absolutely clean glass surface. If they cannot accumulate on the glass, they accumulate on the surface of the water.

Cleaning

Glass pipes need to be cleaned periodically. If not, several things will happen. First, accumulating tars and resins will quickly begin to affect the taste of the smoke. Second, after they accumulate, these deposits can inhibit the airflow through the pipe. Finally, the pipe will become unattractive and less hygienic.

Color-changing pipes, with fumed gold or silver, may look prettier after some light use, but even they should not be used to the point of bad-tasting smoke. It is also much easier and faster to clean a lightly used pipe than one with heavy resin buildup.

Boiling

There are two basic methods to clean glass pipes. The first method involves boiling the pipe in a large pot. When done correctly, boiling is harmless to a glass pipe. It allows resin to be removed from places that simply can’t be accessed with a brush or pipe cleaner. When done incorrectly, the results can be tragic! Never drop a glass pipe into boiling water. Even though the pipe has been annealed, the sudden thermal shock may be too much for it.

Always cover the pipe completely with water. Tilt the pipe back and forth at an angle to remove any trapped air bubbles. Once the pipe is completely submerged and filled with water, heat the pot over a medium heat until the water is boiling. Continue to boil the pipe until the resin is removed.

After boiling, turn off the heat and allow the pot and pipe to cool down together. After 10 to 15 minutes, use some kitchen tongs to grip the pipe and shake it back and forth under the water. This motion will help wash out any clumps of resin. Dump the dirty water down the drain and refill the pot with warm water. This time, add some dish soap and gently scrub away and remaining resin depots with a brush and pipe cleaner.

It is advisable to use a pot that is not used for everyday cooking purposes because boiling a glass pipe can cause the removed resin to form a ring at the water surface in the pot, and this resin ring may be difficult to remove. The boiling water will also smell unpleasant, so it would be a good idea to turn on the exhaust fan above the stove before boiling.

Alcohol

The second, and arguably easier, method is to soak the pipe in 91 percent or higher alcohol with some added salt. Two parts of alcohol to one part of salt is a good mix. The alcohol dissolves the resin, and the salt, which will not all dissolve in 91 percent or higher alcohol, provides some abrasion that helps loosen resin as it dissolves.

It’s common to put this mixture in a large plastic bag and shake it vigorously to scrub the pipe with the salt crystals. If shaking alone will not work, use a Q-tip to scrub the pipe with the alcohol-salt mixture. After the pipe is clean, rinse it with clean alcohol and then with clean water.

It may not be desirable to always have a sparkling clean glass pipe, as noted with the fumed glass color-changers, but an even easier method is to simply always keep the pipe soaking in alcohol when not in use. If the resin buildup is not too severe, an overnight soaking in 91 percent or higher alcohol should dissolve the resin nicely. The pipe will always be clean and will only require a quick rinse prior to each use.

Safety tips

A glass pipe is strong, but it can be broken if mishandled. Bubblers are especially prone to breakage during the cleaning process. The most delicate piece of a bubbler is the bowl stem that is inserted into the filtration water. This is only a small piece of the overall bubbler, but breaking it effectively ruins the entire piece.

The safest way to store a glass pipe is in a case or soft cloth bag, but this really isn’t necessary under normal circumstances. These items are really only needed when traveling with the pipe.

Risks

The risks associated with a glass pipe, other than breakage from mishandling, are mainly associated with design. Bubblers are infamous for accidental spills. In every case, these spills are attributable to some form of what could politely be called user error. They sometimes make for funny stories, but bubbler water can have a nasty odor. It filters a lot of tar and resin from the smoke, and spilling it onto a carpet or area rug is no laughing matter.

Care must be taken not to cough when inhaling from a bubbler. With some bubbler designs, blowing instead of inhaling can ruin the bowl.

Drawing too strongly from a bubbler, especially short bubblers or bubblers with straight smoke chambers, carries the risk of drawing the filtration water into the mouth. For much the same reason that spilling it on a carpet is a disaster, drawing filtration water into the mouth would be an extremely unpleasant situation.

Conclusion

In ancient times, glass was precious and owned only by pharaohs and royalty. Today, modern glass-working techniques create things as common as baking dishes and paperweights from glass. Exotic formulations and blowing methods create truly artistic pieces that are both functional and expressive. They are available in any color or color combination imaginable and fumed glass even creates pipes that change colors when used.

Glass pipes range from simple chillums and hand pipes to intricate bubblers, and borosilicate formulas enable the glass to withstand the heat of burning tobacco or cannabis without being damaged. With normal use and care, these pipes can last a lifetime.

Glass pipes produce cleaner smoke than any other material, and they allow the smoker to see the smoke as it is pulled into and out of the pipe. There are no appreciable risks unique to glass.

Sources

Information and photos courtesy of David Matthews and Billowby.com

by ascendwellness

What Is a Dab Rig?

Dab rigs

As people become more aware of the dangers of inhaling smoke of any kind into their lungs, they’ve set about looking for alternative ways to enjoy the medicinal benefits of various cannabis. Vaping is a prime example, but a phenomenon called dabbing is quickly picking up steam too. In fact, dabbing and vaping are closely related; dabbing more specifically refers to inhaling the vapor that’s produced by heating up cannabis concentrates.

If you’ve tried dabbing and enjoyed it, perhaps you’re ready to invest in a dab rig of your own. But, like many newbies, you’re probably a little intimidated by the sheer variety of dab rigs that are available. With terms like “nails,” “domes” and “reburn” being bandied about, you may feel like a fish out of water. To get your dabbing experience off to the best possible start, it pays to investigate a wide array of dab rigs. First, you should familiarize yourself with how dab rigs are designed, how they work and the various options that are available. Like anything else, there are simple, low-end dab rigs, mid-level dab rigs and high-end dab rigs with tons of extra features and the finest materials. By educating yourself with this handy guide, you’ll be able to make the most informed decision while looking for dab rigs. For those interested in dabbing, check out our “How to Dab” guide for a complete explanation of the process.

What are dab rigs?

To the completely uninitiated, a dab rig is going to be a bit confusing. Unlike a bong, pipe or other traditional smoking mechanisms, a dab rig isn’t designed to catch anything on fire. Instead, it has a nail that gets heated up with a torch, and concentrated extracts from various cannabis are then “dabbed” onto it. As soon as they are heated, they produce a vapor that you inhale. You can use a dab rig to achieve the same level of medication that you’d get from taking several drags off of a traditional pipe or bong. The effectiveness of dabbing is one of the many reasons that it has skyrocketed in popularity lately, and it explains why there’s been such an explosion of dab rigs on the market, too.

What is dabbing?

Before going into more detail about dab rigs and how they work, it helps to have a clearer understanding of what dabbing is in the first place. As mentioned before, the term “dabbing” is used because you actually dab a small amount of concentrated medication, either in a wax or oil form, onto your rig in order to produce vapor. Typically, oil concentrates are fairly thick and won’t run off the nail.

Dabbing is easy once you’ve done it a few times. The exact way in which you do it may vary depending on the style of rig you are using. In its most basic form, it involves applying a small amount of concentrate — oil or wax — onto a nail or heating element. Don’t be misled, though. Most nails don’t heat themselves up. With the exception of e-nails, which can do so, nails must be heated using torches. Dab rigs and torches are usually sold separately, but you can sometimes buy them as a set.

When dabbing, you must heat up the nail with the torch first. Once it’s hot enough, you apply the wax or oil. Place your mouth on the mouthpiece as you apply the wax because the vapor should materialize immediately. Once the vapor materializes, you can inhale the vapor. If your dab rig doesn’t have a dome (which will be explained in detail later) you must wait for it to cool down before packing it away.

Basic components of dab rigs

At this point, you probably have a fairly clear idea of how a dab rig works. Most dab rigs are made up of just three components: a glass piece, a nail, and a torch lighter. In reality, you’re most likely going to have to buy the torch lighter separately. Also, most people prefer to use actual dabbers to apply their concentrates. A dabber is just a short, small rod. You can sometimes find dab rigs sold as complete sets that include torches and dabbers. But most people like mixing and matching such components to arrive at a one-of-a-kind setup. This is purely a matter of personal taste. For beginners it can be nice to start with dab rig sets that include everything you need. You can always branch out later.

Nail styles

There’s a lot of fierce debate out there about which type of dab nail works best. At first glance, this doesn’t seem like such a pressing issue. However, you need to keep in mind that the nail is responsible for heating the concentrate to the point where it produces vapor. Ideally, the nail should heat up quickly, and it should be able to retain heat for a decent period of time.

That being said, here are the most popular options for nails for dab rigs:

Glass – Borosilicate glass is strong stuff, and it works great in bongs and pipes. But when used in nails for dab rigs it misses the mark. Glass nails are pretty ubiquitous because they are very cheap. However, glass breaks easily. Glass nails don’t tend to last very long, and they must be replaced frequently. In the long run, you’ll end up paying more. Also, glass isn’t very good at retaining heat, so glass nails don’t always do the job with certain concentrates.

Ceramic – Like glass, ceramic breaks very easily. It holds onto heat a little better, but it’s still pretty inferior and generally not worth the bother.

Quartz – Quartz nails are pretty decent. Quartz is much more durable than glass or ceramic, and it’s almost impossible to overheat it. However, quartz doesn’t hold onto heat very long. Because it cools so quickly, it may not heat your concentrate long enough to create a lot of vapor.

Titanium – The vast majority of experienced dabbers prefer titanium nails. Titanium is virtually indestructible, and retains heat incredibly well. The only problem is there’s a risk of overheating it to the point where it burns the concentrate instead of producing a vapor. For this reason, many people like to pair titanium nail dab rigs with water diffusers to strike the right balance.

E-nails – Few people bother with these, but e-nails are really convenient. E-nails are essentially electric nails with a port for a coil and a PID that gauges the coil’s temperature. They tend to cost more but they eliminate the need to use a torch entirely. Also, you can set a precise temperature, so you have much better control. Because the vaporization points of different materials vary, it’s nice to be able to set a temperature and go from there.

Dome versus domeless dab rigs

As you shop around for dab rigs, you’ll notice that some nails have domes and some don’t. As with nail materials, there’s a lot of debate about whether domed or domeless nails are best. Domed nails are infinitely safer, and they help to hold in the vapor so you can inhale as much of it as possible. Also, the glass dome looks really neat and covers up the nail nicely. However, some people don’t like them because they must be slid into place, so domeless versions are also available.

Additional pieces

By seeking out dab rigs that are sold as kits, you won’t have to shop around to find the other pieces you’ll need. However, buying your own choice of dabbers and torches can be fun. Many people ultimately invest in a variety of different dabbing accessories.

Dabbers are typically made out of metal or glass and come in varying shapes and sizes. When you are choosing your dabbing wand, it is important to keep the style of your rig in mind. Sometimes it is easier to buy a dab rig kit that includes the style of dabber that will fit your rig because you can be guaranteed the dabbing wand will work perfectly with your new rig.

When completing your dab rig setup, most people rush to buy a torch. Truth be told, it is best to hold off on buying a blowtorch; they’re way too big and far too powerful – not to mention dangerous – for what you are trying to do. Look for mini torches that run off of butane instead. Propane torches are far more trouble than they’re worth and, as mentioned before, they can be pretty hazardous to have around.

The history of dab rigs

Although concentrates like oil and wax have been around since the 1960s, dabbing didn’t really take off until much later. For a long time, dabbing was a fairly underground activity, so people made their own dab rigs. Most people would agree that the major turning point in the world of dag rigs occurred around 2010. This is partly due to legalization activities, but also because people were increasingly concerned about inhaling smoke of any kind. As more people discovered dabbing, demand for dab rigs grew. Things became more industrialized around 2012, and the market started to be flooded with dab rigs of all kinds. The trend still has major upward momentum, so you can expect to see more dab rigs and accessories out there as time goes by.

Who would want a dab rig?

So, are you an ideal candidate for a dab rig? If you’ve dabbed before and want to do it more in the future, you really need a rig. Sure, there are DIY instructions out there for making your own, but the amount of time and effort that will go into it really won’t be worth it in the long run. There are lots of cool designs and features out there, so buying a rig is a lot of fun.

If you’ve never tried dabbing but are looking for alternatives to smoking, a dab rig may be just the thing for you. The bottom line here is, if you want to get in on the dabbing craze, you will need to buy a rig.

Pros and cons of dab rigs

If you’re into dabbing, a decent rig is an absolute must. A few of the top advantages of using a dab rig include:

Convenience – You’ll have everything you need to enjoy your favorite concentrate.

Safety – Unlike homemade rigs, a well-designed rig will keep you safe while you are dabbing. After all, you are dealing with heat and fire.

Style – Like bongs, pipes, and other smoking devices, rigs often double as works of art. There are lots of styles to choose from, and you can mix and match components to achieve your own distinct design.

There aren’t really any downsides to using a dab rig. The only exception would be if you bought a low-quality rig with a poorly designed nail. In that case, you could end up wasting a lot of concentrates because the nail either gets too hot or doesn’t get hot enough. As any dabber can tell you, nothing is more frustrating than dabbing concentrate and getting so little vapor that you can’t even really inhale it.

You can avoid running into those kinds of problems by investing in a decent rig. Choose a nail that will retain the heat long enough to produce plenty of vapor, but make sure it doesn’t hold onto the heat so long that it actually causes the concentrate to combust. If that happens, you will inhale more smoke than vapor, and the beneficial components you crave may largely go up in smoke.

Best practices

Unless you are using a dab rig with an e-nail, you are going to need to be very careful while using it. Dabbing is not inherently dangerous, but using a torch can be if you aren’t paying attention. With that in mind, don’t attempt to use a dab rig while moving around. Find a safe, secure place to sit down and focus on the task at hand.

Once you’ve found a good place, get all of your components ready. Although you can buy all kinds of accessories for your rig, including showerhead percolators and in-line diffusers, they tend to be more trouble than they’re worth. Like the rig itself, such components will get sticky with reburn or reclaim. They are very difficult to clean when such buildup occurs, and they tend to clog up quickly. Multiple chamber rigs can also be a pain to clean up. Sure, they look cool, but cleaning them can be a major hassle.

Before you get dabbing, make sure your torch has enough fuel. Nothing is more frustrating than going to heat up a nail and realizing your torch burner won’t work. Also, have your concentrate ready to go. In fact, it’s best to apply the concentrate to the end of the dabber ahead of time.

Unless you are using an e-nail, light the torch and apply flame to the nail for the required length of time. Once it has been properly heated, use the dabber to apply the concentrate. It should produce vapor almost immediately, so have your mouth on the mouthpiece ready to inhale. Depending on the type of nail you’re using, it may take a while for your rig to cool down. If it’s a portable rig with a domed nail, you can safely close it up and carry it with you almost immediately. Otherwise, give it plenty of time to cool down first.

How to clean a dab rig

Regardless of which types of oils or waxes you use, your rig is going to accumulate reburn, or reclaim, over time. The rate at which it does so mostly depends on how often you use your rig, but at a certain point, you will have to clean it, or it will eventually get clogged and will be unusable. It’s best to get into the habit of cleaning it regularly.

First you need to decide what to do about the reburn. Some people just clean it out and dispose of it. However, it can also be gathered and used again as a new concentrate, or can even be included in a joint. If you like to make the most of every last drop of your concentrates, you will probably want to gather your reburn or reclaim. Not surprisingly, you can buy a special attachment that’s designed to do just that. It typically goes between the downstem and the nail. After scraping out your rig, put the reclaim in a small container for future use.

To clean your rig, you will just need rubbing alcohol, pipe cleaners, a bowl and paper towels or dry cloths. If you need more abrasive action, you can add a little salt to the alcohol.

Pour the rubbing alcohol into the rig and let it soak for a decent amount of time. This should help to loosen up the reburn and other residue. The alcohol will take on a darker color. Pour it out and repeat the process if necessary. Next, use the pipe cleaner and a little more rubbing alcohol to detail your rig. Then allow the rig to dry completely. You can speed things along by using dry Q-tips and paper towels.

Safety tips

The main safety tip to keep in mind when using a dab rig is to be careful when lighting the nail with the torch. Use the smallest torch possible, and take care not to overheat the nail.

A few other safety tips include:

Clean your rig regularly. The reburn that accumulates can clog it up, and it can also overheat and catch on fire.

Some people are concerned about residual solvents in concentrates and extracts. Avoid this issue by strictly using high-quality concentrates.

Use a nail with a dome to reduce the risk of burning yourself.

Risks

The most notable risk involved in using a dab rig is the potential for getting burned. That’s especially true if you use a rig with a domeless nail, which leaves the heating element exposed. While it’s not easy to burn yourself under such circumstances, it can happen.

Using a torch to heat up the nail is inherently risky. If you are especially worried about it, consider investing in an e-nail instead. This entirely eliminates the need to use an open flame, so there is absolutely no risk of being burned.

Keep in mind that glass and ceramic nails break often. It’s just a part of owning that kind of rig. So use caution when dabbing on your concentrate. Use a well-designed dabber to decrease the risk of cracking or otherwise breaking the nail, which could break at any time.

Conclusion

If you want to make the most of your dabbing experience, use the information you’ve picked up in this guide to help find the best possible rig. If you’re a complete newbie, consider buying a set that includes the dabber and torch. Down the road, you can upgrade to different nails and components to achieve the perfect configuration.

Everyone’s tastes are different when it comes to dabbing, and finding the perfect rig can take time. If possible, avoid wasting a lot of money by trying out other people’s rigs. This will give you some hands-on experience so you can make a more informed decision. Remember – you can swap out the nail and other components in order to arrive at the ideal configuration at a later time. Most importantly, dabbing is supposed to be fun. First-rate dab rigs make all of the difference in the world!

Sources

David Matthew and Billowby.com

by ascendwellness

Cannabis Concentrates: A Complete Guide for Dabbing

Guide to dabbing concentrates

“Dabs” are concentrated forms of cannabis that can be smoked or vaporized one dose at a time. Concentrates may also be called butter, peanut butter, shatter, oil, wax or crumble, with the names descriptive of the appearance or physical properties of the concentrate.

Varieties of dabs

Concentrates, commonly called dabs, are generally classified into one of six categories.

Shatter, also known as sheets, glass or slabs, is a semi-transparent thin sheet of concentrate that resembles yellow or amber glass. At or below room temperature, shatter can be easily broken or snapped to obtain the proper dosage size.

Butter, also known as peanut butter, budder or whipped wax, has the texture and appearance of commercial peanut butter. Its consistency has also been likened to the popular non-toxic “dough” used by children for play and crafts. Butter is malleable although the texture is firm. Butters may be yellow, golden brown or beige in color.

Oil, also known as honey oil or 710, is a thick liquid that is normally dark gold or amber in color. They are often packaged in plastic syringes to make them easier to handle, transport and use. Oils are considered by many to offer greater consistency in determining dosage. Most oils are smoked or vaporized, but some types are edible.

Wax, also known as crumble, flake, honeycomb or earwax, can have a variety of textures and appearance. The type of process employed to create the concentrate determines the consistency. Some waxes have a coarse, crumbly appearance similar to brown sugar. Others may be a sticky, thick semi-solid chunk reminiscent of earwax, while still others may be in small-to-medium flakes.

Live resin or live resin oil is created from live, fresh plants that have not been previously subjected to the drying process. Live resin typically has lower availability and can be difficult to locate, but some people claim that it provides the ultimate way to experience the nuances of a strain’s aroma and flavor. Rosin is a solvent-less form of making concentrates using only heat and pressure.

Dabbing accessories

Numerous options are available for smoking concentrates. Some types of dabs, such as crumble, can be sprinkled on top of cannabis and consumed in the traditional manner. Most dabbers, however, prefer dab rigs specifically designed to optimize delivery.

Oil rigs are the classic equipment for dabbing. They are basically water pipes that have additional elements to enable the use of concentrates. The normal configuration consists of a nail, dome and holder. Dabs are placed in the holder, the nail is heated with a torch, the dome is set in place and the heated nail is touched to the concentrate to create the inhalable vapor.

Domeless nails are all-in-one oil rigs that are intended to facilitate dabbing by eliminating the need to remove and replace the dome. Users heat the nail and apply the concentrate directly onto the nail.
Vape pens or vaporizers are similar in appearance and design to e-cigarettes. They contain an internal element that heats the concentrate to the correct temperature. Vape pens work best with oil, wax or shatter, depending on design, but many of them are not normally recommended for use with butters.

Dabbing pens have a shape that is reminiscent of a syringe. They consist of a dish onto which the concentrate is loaded and a “pen” with a tip that is heated and then dipped into the concentrate.

Atom bomb rigs combine the benefits of both a vaporizer and a water pipe. Dabs are loaded in an atomizer that uses a battery to heat the concentrate. The rig functions like a water pipe, allowing the user to experience water-vaped dabbing.

Existing water pipes and bongs can sometimes be used for dabbing by purchasing an attachment or nail to use with concentrates. There are also many different available options, such as swinging skillets or custom “designer” nails. In addition, as dabbing continues to grow in popularity, new add-ons are likely to appear on a regular basis.

History of dabs

The practice of concentrating medicinal cannabis into a more potent form goes back centuries. However, early extraction methods and tools often resulted in concentrates of inconsistent strength and purity. This was the case during the 1960s, when oils and other concentrated forms of illegal drugs were prepared in unregulated labs and sold “on the street.”

Modern dabs are created with techniques and methods that have been recently developed. Some experts fix the year at 2010 for the first true dabs, while others claim they actually began as early as 2005. Regardless, it is safe to say that the concentrates sold today are a development of the 21st century.

California is typically given credit as the home state of dabbing, and a glass blower is often credited as having developed new extraction methods. Other reports credit growers of medicinal cannabis, with the location being either Colorado or California, depending on the source.

Although the earliest concentrates could possibly predate written history, dabs did not become widely popular until recent years. The manufacturing process had become widely known and used by 2012, and the trend has continued to grow during the intervening years.

Who would want to dab?

Dabs offer precise control over the dosage. This allows users to effectively budget their medicine over time or to control how much they consume during a day or a session.

Because dabs are concentrated, they tend to be more potent. Individuals can build up a tolerance to medicines, meaning that they require ever-increasing dosages to deliver the same result.

Concentrates can be an excellent alternative for those who have developed a tolerance for cannabis. Concentrates normally deliver faster results than cannabis. Dabbing can often deliver near-immediate results, making it ideal for those who need fast-acting stress or pain relief.

Depending on the variety, many dabs do not have the strong smell that is characteristic of cannabis when it is burned. In addition, dabs normally have little or no scent when they are not being burned. For those who prefer discretion, this can be an advantage of concentrates over dry medicinal cannabis.

Best practices

Many individuals are taking up dabbing for the first time after years of opting for other delivery methods. Dabbing requires a little more attention to detail than traditional methods. Following are the top “best practices” for dabbing.

Purchase dabs from a reputable source. Concentrates can vary in extraction method, purity and strength.

Clean the dabber after every hit. Failure to do so allows residue to build up, which will be harder to clean if neglected and which can interfere with the taste of future dabs. Isopropyl alcohol is an excellent cleanser for dabbers if rinsed after cleaning and allowed to dry before the next use.

If uncertain about dosage, opt for less. If the desired effect is not realized, supplement with cannabis delivered traditionally or clean the dabber and try a bit more.

Always follow the storage recommendations for the different types of concentrates. This ensures the best taste and least risk of contamination.

Realize that dabbing is not the ideal delivery method for all individuals. Although most people report favorably about dabbing, others are less enthusiastic, citing reasons such as complexity or difficulty in using an oil rig. As there is a possibility that it might not be a suitable delivery method, avoid investing in expensive equipment until at least one successful dabbing experience has been achieved.

Pros and cons of dabs vs. dry cannabis

Either method is capable of delivering adequate results for most individuals, and both methods have fans and detractors. It is also important to note that what some may consider an advantage may be a disadvantage to others. However, experts generally offer the following pros and cons for the different products.

Dabs are a cleaner-burning product. When dry cannabis is smoked, the user inhales plant material that has no medicinal value along with the medicine. Concentrates eliminate most of the superfluous ingredients. In addition, concentrates are substantially lower in the heavy tars that are inhaled while smoking cannabis.

Dry cannabis burns at a higher temperature than concentrates. This means that the gas inhaled from dabs is cooler, smoother and less irritating.

When burning concentrates, most equipment requires the use of a torch (such as a kitchen torch normally used for caramelizing) to heat the nail. Individuals with physical limitations may find it difficult to coordinate the torch and dabbing apparatus.

Dabbing is the fastest, most efficient method of introducing medicinal cannabis into the body, which can be an advantage. However, novices might find the speed of action unsettling.

Because dabs are concentrated, they may be too strong for individuals with little or no smoking experience. Beginners may smoke too much, especially during their first dabbing session, and experience a negative reaction, such as becoming extremely sleepy.

Dry cannabis is often easier to store than some types of dabs. For example, when shatter is left in an environment where the room temperature exceeds that established for normal human comfort, it can become sticky or gooey. While cannabis can be stored in a plastic or glass container, paper envelope or plastic bag, many types of concentrates will stick to such substances. In addition, there is a risk that the concentrate will acquire an odd flavor or impurities from having been stored in an improper container.

Per gram, dabs are typically more expensive than dry cannabis. However, as less of the concentrate is needed for the same effect, the costs tend to even out on a per-dosage basis, although prices can vary a great deal, depending on the strain, potency and extraction method.

Dabbing produces less second-hand smoke than burning cannabis. Only a small amount of concentrate is heated during a session, with much of the smoke inhaled by the user. Domed oil rigs serve to contain most of any leftover smoke.

Safety tips and tricks

Unless individuals have been properly trained and have professional equipment, they should not attempt to make dabs at home. Amateur “chemists” have caused dozens of explosions while attempting to make concentrates.

If a torch is used as a heat source, obey all safety rules supplied by the manufacturer for safe operation. Do not use a torch in the presence of potentially explosive vapors, such as concentrated gasoline fumes, and keep the flame well clear of combustible materials.

Dab while seated, especially if new to dabbing. If the dosage is too high, it can cause the user to faint or become light-headed.

Do not dab a product that “looks wrong.” For example, a dark black concentrate typically contains impurities, and the general rule is that the darker the product, the more impurities it contains.
Do not dab a product that “sounds wrong.” Quality dabs will be virtually silent when dabbing. If the product pops or crackles, it may contain impurities and should not be inhaled.

Risks

Overall, the risks involved with dabbing are similar to those involved with smoking cannabis. However, due to the potency of the concentrates, there are a few additional risks that should be considered.

Dabbing makes it easier to consume an excessive amount of product. First-time dabbers have been known to pass out or faint, striking their heads when they fall. Over-consumption can also trigger anxiety attacks and nausea.

First-time dabbers are advised to be in a safe, private location, such as their own home. Some novices report becoming excessively sleepy immediately after dabbing even though they were well-rested and energetic prior, and some reported that they fell asleep for several hours afterwards.

Torches that can produce heat between 1,500 and 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit are sufficient for dabbing. Never use a more powerful torch than is needed — it can damage the equipment as well as pose an increased burn hazard.

Dabbing equipment should be properly maintained and inspected prior to use. Cracked or chipped dabbers or nails could break when heated.

One of the most popular extraction methods is using butane, and although top-quality processes remove most or all of the butane, inferior concentrates may contain a varying amount of butane. Some experts feel that these inferior products contain enough butane to be harmful when inhaled. If concerned about butane levels, opt for a concentrate prepared using a different process, such as ice-water extraction.

Closing notes

Dabbing has been increasing in popularity in recent years, and it is likely to continue to do so. Dabs or concentrates offer a potent, fast method of delivery that makes them ideal for those who need immediate relief from their symptoms. Because of the variety of dabs available, individuals will need to determine whether waxes, oils or butters offer the best consistency for their specific needs.

Sources

Still not sure how to use a Glass Rig for your Cannabis Concentrates? Learn More about Dabbing on a Rig with our Guide to Dab Rigs!

by ascendwellness